The protest against the possible
release of Sanjay Leela Bansali’s Padmavati is already spilling on to the
streets and protestors have revisited the strategy of arm twisting. This comes
in the wake of the protests against another film starring matinee idol Vijay.
While the Tamil version of the film saw the crowds in large numbers at the
theatres, its dubbed version in Telugu was postponed. The original version has
a reference to the imposition of GST in the fag end of the film and this was
not to the liking of some great patriots. In his farewell address (September
1796) George Washington said: the very idea of power and the right of the
people to establish Government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey
the established law. He went on to state: and remember, especially, that, for
the efficient management of your common interests I a country so extensive as
ours a government of as much vigour as is consistent with the perfect security
of liberty is indispensable.
There is a clear worrisome pattern in arm twisting. Muscle power or collective
bargaining on the street is becoming a worry and a challenge to the Rule of
Law. To quote from the famous Da Vince Code judgment, We enjoy a shared
membership of the human race and our future depends on tolerance of
distinctions that mark the richness and diversity of the plural global
community of man. Faith, race, religion, dogma or culture are not wholly
homogeneous attributes. There are several clear subtle and evolving variations
within the same general milieu.
The fact that we are getting increasingly politically intolerant to ideas we
differ with places the democratic polity in serious jeopardy. Political and
social intolerance is anathema to a democracy. It is strange today that
political activists of every hue and colour are engaged in seriously
challenging the right of expression. The need to arrest the trend cannot be
over emphasized.
Two disturbing incidents come to mind. In a recent incident a cartoonist in a
neighbouring state is facing criminal charges for lampooning the Chief Minister
and certain other persons “in high places”. In another certain criticism
against our own Chief Minister has found a criminal case being registered
against the person making the criticism. The Chief Minister is too charismatic
a leader for such fig leaf protection. His persona is larger than life and such
petty approach to handle criticism is wholly out of character. Remember Amartya
Sen who said: The prospects of peace in the contemporary world may well lie
in the recognition of the plurality of our affiliations and in the use of
reasoning as common inhabitants of a wide world, rather than making us into
inmates rigidly incarcerated in little containers. What we need, above all, is
a clearheaded understanding of the importance of the freedom that we can have
in determining our priorities. And, related to that understanding, we need an
appropriate recognition of the role and efficacy of reasoned public voice
within nations and across the world.
It is indeed unfortunate when courts entertain such complaints on the basis of
private complaints. It is indeed unfortunate that a person who makes a cartoon or
who even makes a comment against a Chief Minister runs the risk of being
arrested and prosecuted. This truly puts the citizen o guard. It stifles the
right to expression and the legal system should ensure that it is insulated
from such abuse. While the State may take the fig leaf excuse of law and order
and ensuring safety and social harmony, courts while entertaining such private
complaints must ensure that they are not abused as anti-freedom of speech
agencies. This could be a dangerous precedent.
Dealing with the Da Vinci Code film which in turn was seen by certain sections
as “the controversial story line in the novel depicts Jesus in a poor light and
that might hurt the religious sentiments of Christian community”, our High
Court struck down the ban. Reference is made to the provisions of the
Cinematograph Act which lays down that “A film shall not be certified for
public exhibition if, in the opinion of the authority competent to grant the
certificate the film or any part of it is against the interests of (the
sovereignty and integrity of India) the security of the State, friendly
relations with foreign State, public order, decency or morality or involves
defamation or contempt of Court or is likely to incite the commission of any
offence..” If this be the litmus test wonder how Bhansali’s take on Padmavathi
(assuming it to be historically incorrect!!) or Bala’s cartoon or a critical
comment of the Chief Minister could involve a criminal case or advocate a ban.
Justice Bhagawati said: the Fundamental Right to the Freedom of Speech and
Expression enshrined in our Constitution is based on (the provisions in)
Amendment I of the Constitution of the United States and it would be therefore
legitimate and proper to refer to those decisions of (the U.S. Sup. Ct.) to
appreciate the true nature, scope and extent of this right in spite of the
warning administered by this Court against use of American and other cases.
We in India would perhaps not give freedom of expression the primacy the
Americans do. The challenge is not to reduce it to a mere theory or a fantasy –
there as long as it is not put to practice.
L. Ravichander.